[實測] 英國報稅-填寫Self Assessment

[實測] 網上填寫Self Assessment

簡介

網上報稅表格使用上十分方便,用法和香港報稅表類似,首先會問你一些個人資料,然後會問你一些問題去為你特製個人報稅表格,最後便可以開始填寫。填寫完成後便會即時為你計算應繳稅項。

1) Tell us about you

第一部份是填寫個人資料,如姓名、電話、NI和出生日期等

2) Tailor your return

第二部份便開始一系列問題,為你製作個人報稅表,以下為常見香港人要考慮的問題:

Were you an employee (or director or office holder) or agency worker in the year to 5 April 202X?

若你在英國或海外有非自僱工作的話便選yes,這部份申報你所有關於工作上的稅務。

Was your turnover more than £1,000 in total from all self-employments? Please check help

若你是自僱人士而全年賺取超過£1,000的話便選yes,這部份申報你所有關於自僱工作上的稅務,即是說例如你在ebay拍賣賺取少於這個金額的話便不用為此報稅。

Did you receive income from UK land and/or property (including income from foreign property) over £1,000?

若你在英國或海外有物業而賺取了收入的話便選yes,如賣樓或出租物業,這部份申報你所有關於物業上的稅務。

If you received any foreign income, do you need to complete the foreign section?

這部份是關於你的所有海外收入(如物業/銀行利息/股票等)是否須要詳細填報,例如股息收入少於£1,000和銀行利息收入少於£2,000是不用額外填報的。

Did you receive any interest, for example, from UK banks, UK building societies, UK unit trusts (or untaxed foreign interest up to £2,000)?

這部份是問你有沒有銀行利息收入。

Did you receive any dividends, for example, from UK companies, authorised unit trusts, open-ended investment companies (or dividends from foreign companies up to £1,000)?

這部份是問你有沒有股票派息收入。

Did you receive any UK pensions, annuities or state benefits, for example, state pension, occupational pension, retirement annuity, Incapacity Benefit?

這部份是問你有沒有從英國Pension得到收入,一般來說我們未從Pension中提取收任何現金,便填No。

Are you liable to pension savings tax charges or have you received payments from overseas pension schemes?

若你有海外Pension收入超過£60,000便填Yes。

Did you make contributions towards a personal pension or retirement annuity? This does not include payments you make to your employer’s pension scheme, which are deducted from your pay:

若你有自行供Pension或是公司替你供的Workplace Pension是從稅後人工扣除的話(正常公司是稅前),便填Yes。

3) Fill in your return

現在便可正式開始填寫你的報稅表

Employment

這部份填寫你的工作收入

Employer name、Employer’s PAYE Reference、Pay before tax taken off、UK tax taken off等都可以從你公司給你的P60年度稅務表中查到,大家亦可從每月糧單和銀行月結單中覆核。

Do you wish to claim any employment expenses or capital allowances while working for XXX?

若你想Claim關於工作上的tax relief便填Yes,如Business travel、Fixed deductions for expenses、Professional fees and subscriptions和Other expenses and capital allowances。

Fixed deductions for expenses:如你的工作要求你着員工制服,而制服能識別你的工作如有公司LOGO,同時你須要自行清洗制服的話,便可得到每年£60的免稅額。詳情按此
Professional fees and subscriptions:例如你的工作須要自行考牌,詳情按此
Other expenses and capital allowances:如你的工作須要自行購買一些用品(詳情按此),又或是你的工作只能夠全年WFH(詳情按此,每週£6免稅)

UK interest

這部份填寫你在英國銀行的利息收入,分為Taxed UK interest和Untaxed UK interest,一般來說英國銀行的活期定期的是Untaxed的。

最後一部份則為海外銀行利息收入(Untaxed foreign interest (up to £2,000) ),超過£2,000的話要另外詳情申報。

Paying into registered pension schemes and overseas pension schemes

這部份填寫你的Pension資料,一般來說若你的工作Pension是由稅前人工扣除後轉入的話,而你本年度沒有將薪金存入到任何海內外Pension的話,便不用填此表格。

若你將稅後薪金存入到Pension,這部份的薪金是不應該付稅的,Pension公司一般會幫你向稅局取回多付的稅項並存到Pension中,這動作稱為‘relief at source’

Payments to registered pension schemes (also known as PPR) where basic rate tax relief will be claimed by your pension provider (called ‘relief at source’)‘relief at source’的總數
Payments to your employer’s scheme which were not deducted from your pay before tax:沒有‘relief at source’的總數
Payments to an overseas pension scheme which is not UK-registered which are eligible for tax relief and were not deducted from your pay before tax:你今年存入到海外Pension如MPF的總數

Overpaid tax

如你發現你交多了稅,稅局核實後便會在三個月內將稅項退回到你付款的帳戶,或你在此表格填寫的銀行戶口。

If you have not paid enough tax

若你的稅務結欠不超過£3,000及於12月30日請遞交稅表,你便可選擇希望稅局在來年從你的每月薪金PAYE中收取稅項,否則便要於1月31日前繳清稅項。

4) Check your return

檢查你的稅單

5) View your calculation

這裡會幫你計算你所欠或稅局欠你的稅項,詳情可按View and print your full calculation,請下載所有文件以作證明。

6) Submit your return

完成!

特別留意事項

關於稅率

若你的工作收入達到Higher Rate(40%)水平,你的銀行利息收入和股票收入便會同樣以Higher Rate計算,而Personal Savings Allowance亦會減少,所以要多加留意一些避稅方法。

關於匯率

值得留意的是,若你的收入並非英鎊的話,你便需要將貨幣金額轉成英鎊價值才去提交。而匯率應根據哪一間公司呢?官方雖然有提供每月/每年的官方匯率(按此),但其實只要用一個合理的匯價便可。

Under the terms of Self Assessment, we do not provide an official exchange rate and the onus is on the individual to use a just and reasonable exchange rate for each acquisition and disposal.  

https://community.hmrc.gov.uk/customerforums/pt/7108e31a-25f3-ed11-913b-00155d9c6b71

收益計算方法

如你於今天用$10買了股票,明天以$15賣出該股票,哪我賺了多少錢?以下絕對是常人會用的計算方法:

($15 – $10) / 明天港轉英匯率9.99 = £0.50

但其實你可以將買和賣分開計算(官方回答按此),令自己的收入減少,從而交更少稅

($15 / 明天港轉英匯率9.99) – ($10 / 今天港轉英匯率9.10) = £0.40

同樣道理,如你在2022年英鎊低位時在香港買樓,及後在2024年英鎊高位時賣樓,你可將兩數字分開轉成英鎊後才計差價,總數反而可能會變為蝕本,從而令你交更少稅。

想獲得我的Google Sheets嗎?

我的Google Sheets包含了每日匯率和各種計算方法的收益總數,詳情請以Instagram聯絡我

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